What is Modulation?

Modulation is the process of altering a signal in order to transmit information. In the context of communication systems, modulation refers to the process of encoding information onto a carrier signal in order to transmit it over a communication channel. The carrier signal is typically a high-frequency waveform that can travel long distances without significant attenuation or distortion.

There are several types of modulation, including amplitude modulation (AM), frequency modulation (FM), and phase modulation (PM). In AM, the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the information signal. In FM, the frequency of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the information signal. In PM, the phase of the carrier signal is varied in proportion to the information signal.

Over modulation casues

Over modulation occurs when the amplitude, frequency or phase of the carrier signal is altered too much in relation to the information signal being transmitted. This can cause the signal to become distorted and difficult to interpret at the receiver. In AM, over modulation can cause the signal to exceed the maximum amplitude of the carrier signal, causing distortion known as "clipping". In FM, over modulation can cause the frequency of the carrier signal to exceed the bandwidth of the communication channel, causing interference with other signals. In PM, over modulation can cause the phase of the carrier signal to shift too rapidly, causing distortion and a loss of information.